摘要
目的 探索制备血浆基质骨块用于口腔骨缺损患者牙种植新技术的护理方法与实践流程。方法 总结2024年4月—2025年10月206例口腔骨缺损患者在牙种植中使用血浆基质骨块、由护士参与制备骨块的护理配合要点，包括术前培训、规范采血、离心参数调节、设备使用、患者评估及术前准备；术中无菌操作、精准制备骨块及心理干预；术后健康宣教及闭环式随访。结果 206例中198例血浆基质骨块成型度好，达临床使用要求。术后患者反应轻、恢复好，7-10天拆线，术后4-6个月锥形束CT（CBCT）显示骨缺损区组织再生良好。8例制备失败。结论 优化护理配合流程可提高血浆基质骨块制备成功率，提升骨缺损患者种植牙成功率及满意度，促进新技术开展。
关键词： 血浆基质骨块；骨缺损；牙种植术；护理配合
Abstract
Objective To explore the nursing methods and practical procedures for preparing plasma matrix bone blocks for dental implantation in patients with oral bone defects. Methods To summarize the key points of nursing cooperation for 206 patients with oral bone defects who received plasma matrix bone blocks prepared by nurses during dental implantation, from April 2024 to October 2025, including preoperative training, standardized blood collection, centrifugation parameter adjustment, equipment usage, patient assessment and preoperative preparation; aseptic operation, precise bone block preparation and psychological intervention during the operation; postoperative health education and closed-loop follow-up. Results Among the 206 cases, 198 cases had well-formed plasma matrix bone blocks that met clinical requirements. Postoperatively, patients had mild reactions and good recovery, with sutures removed 7-10 days after the operation. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) at 4-6 months postoperatively showed good tissue regeneration in the bone defect area. Eight cases failed in the preparation. Conclusion Optimizing the nursing cooperation process can increase the success rate of plasma matrix bone block preparation, enhance the success rate and satisfaction of dental implantation in patients with bone defects, and promote the application of new technologies.
Key words： Plasma matrix bone block; Bone defect; Dental implantation; Nursing cooperation
参考文献 References
[1] 李永军, 余诗敏, 张晓欣, 等. 血浆基质骨块用于牙槽嵴水平向骨增量的疗效观察[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2023, 58(10): 1062-1066.
[2] Wang H-L, Boyapati L. “PASS” principles for predictable bone regeneration[J]. Implant Dentistry, 2006, 15(1): 8-17.
[3] 张玉峰, 王宇蓝. 血浆基质在口腔种植垂直骨增量中的应用[J]. 口腔疾病防治, 2022, 30(12): 837-843.
[4] 张玉峰, 王宇蓝. 血浆基质在口腔种植水平骨增量中的应用[J]. 口腔疾病防治, 2022, 30(3): 153-159.
[5] Miron RJ, Zhang YF. Osteoinduction: a review of old concepts with new standards[J]. J Dent Res, 2012, 91(8): 736-744.
[6] Miron RJ, Pikos MA. Sinus augmentation using platelet-rich fibrin with or without a bone graft: What is the consensus?[J]. Compend Contin Educ Dent, 2018, 39(6): 355-361.
[7] 张玉峰, 张晓欣. 血浆基质在牙槽嵴保存术中的应用[J]. 口腔疾病防治, 2024, 32(3): 161-168.
[8] 田智松, 田涛. 血浆基质骨块于上颌后牙区骨量不足患者种植治疗中的应用1例[J]. 临床口腔医学杂志, 2023, 39(12): 750-752.
[9] Feng M, Wang Y, Wei Y, et al. Preparation, characterization and biological properties of a novel bone block composed of platelet rich fibrin and a deproteinized bovine bone mineral[J]. Fundamental Research, 2022, 2(2): 321-328.